Which strategy most effectively supports vocabulary development for early readers?

• A. Focus on Tier 3 domain-specific terms only
• B. Explicit instruction in Tier 2 words (high-utility, high-frequency words) using explicit definitions, multiple examples, context, and opportunities for retrieval
• C. Avoid explicit vocabulary instruction
• D. Only teach sight words

Answer: (B)

Explicit, targeted instruction in Tier 2 words—those high-utility, high-frequency terms—taught with clear definitions, multiple examples, rich context, and regular opportunities to retrieve and use the words is the most effective way to grow vocabulary for early readers. These words appear across many texts and domains, so teaching them explicitly helps children understand a wide range of reading material and improves comprehension beyond decoding skills. Providing explicit definitions gives a solid anchor for meaning, while multiple examples and varied contexts show how the word works in different situations. Retrieval practice strengthens memory, making it more likely students will recall and apply the word when they encounter it again.

Focusing only on Tier 3 terms (domain-specific vocabulary) is too narrow for developing broad reading comprehension. Avoiding explicit instruction misses chances to build durable word knowledge, and relying solely on sight words limits growth to a small set of memorized forms, leaving many important words unlearned. The combination of explicit instruction, meaningful context, and retrieval is the most effective approach for helping early readers develop a robust and transferable vocabulary.